Erythema multiforme - I-Erythema Multiforme
☆ Emiphumeleni ka-2022 ye-Stiftung Warentest evela eJalimane, ukwaneliseka kwabathengi nge-ModelDerm bekungaphansi kancane kunokuxhumana okukhokhelwayo kwe-telemedicine.
Erythema multiforme minor ― Qaphela ukuthi izikhungo zezilonda zingaba mnyama.
I- Urticaria ingase futhi ibhekwe njengokuxilongwa okuhlukile.
References
I- Erythema multiforme (EM) yisimo lapho amachashaza afana nethagethi ebonakala kukho kokubili esikhumbeni kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ngenxa yokusabela komzimba. Nakuba ngokuvamile kubangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ikakhulukazi i-herpes simplex virus (HSV) , noma imithi ethile, imbangela ayikaziwa ezimweni eziningi. Ukwelapha i-EM ebukhali kugxile ekudambiseni izimpawu usebenzisa okhilimu abaqukethe ama-steroid noma ama-antihistamine. Ukuphatha i-EM ephindaphindayo kuphumelela kakhulu uma kwenzelwa isiguli ngasinye. Izindlela zokuqala zihlanganisa kokubili ukwelashwa ngomlomo kanye ne-topical. Lezi zihlanganisa i-corticosteroids kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane. Ukwelashwa kwetopical kuhlanganisa okhilimu abaqinile be-steroid kanye nezixazululo zolwelwesi lwamafinyila oluthintekile. Ezigulini ezingaphenduli kuma-antiviral, izinketho zomugqa wesibili zihlanganisa izidakamizwa ezicindezela amasosha omzimba, ama-antibiotics, anthelmintics, nama-antimalarials.
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated condition that classically presents with discrete targetoid lesions and can involve both mucosal and cutaneous sites. While EM is typically preceded by viral infections, most notably herpes simplex virus (HSV), and certain medications, a large portion of cases are due to an unidentifiable cause. Treatment for acute EM is focused on relieving symptoms with topical steroids or antihistamines. Treatment for recurrent EM is most successful when tailored to individual patients. First line treatment for recurrent EM includes both systemic and topical therapies. Systemic therapies include corticosteroid therapy and antiviral prophylaxis. Topical therapies include high-potency corticosteroids, and antiseptic or anesthetic solutions for mucosal involvement. Second-line therapies for patients who do not respond to antiviral medications include immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, anthelmintics, and antimalarials
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated condition that classically presents with discrete targetoid lesions and can involve both mucosal and cutaneous sites. While EM is typically preceded by viral infections, most notably herpes simplex virus (HSV), and certain medications, a large portion of cases are due to an unidentifiable cause. Treatment for acute EM is focused on relieving symptoms with topical steroids or antihistamines. Treatment for recurrent EM is most successful when tailored to individual patients. First line treatment for recurrent EM includes both systemic and topical therapies. Systemic therapies include corticosteroid therapy and antiviral prophylaxis. Topical therapies include high-potency corticosteroids, and antiseptic or anesthetic solutions for mucosal involvement. Second-line therapies for patients who do not respond to antiviral medications include immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, anthelmintics, and antimalarials
Ezimweni eziningi, i- erythema multiforme emnene izihambela yodwa phakathi kwamaviki angu-2 kuya kwangu-4. I-Stevens-Johnson syndrome, isimo esinzima esithinta ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, singahlala amasonto ayi-6. Ama-steroid awanconyelwe izimo ezithambile. Ukuthi ama-steroid kufanele asetshenziselwe i-erythema multiforme enzima akuqiniseki ngoba akukho okutholakele okucacile okuvela ezifundweni ezingahleliwe ezibonisa ukuthi yiziphi izingane ezingazuza kulokhu kwelashwa.
In most cases, mild erythema multiforme is self-limited and resolves in 2 to 4 weeks. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a serious disease that involves the mucous membranes and lasts up to 6 weeks. There is no indication for using steroids for the mild form. Use of steroids for erythema multiforme major is debatable because no randomized studies clearly indicate which children will benefit from this treatment.
In most cases, mild erythema multiforme is self-limited and resolves in 2 to 4 weeks. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a serious disease that involves the mucous membranes and lasts up to 6 weeks. There is no indication for using steroids for the mild form. Use of steroids for erythema multiforme major is debatable because no randomized studies clearly indicate which children will benefit from this treatment.
Sethula indaba yomlomo erythema multiforme (EM) ebangelwa i- TMP/SMX , ebonisa izilonda ezivamile zomlomo nezindebe ngaphandle kwezilonda esikhumbeni. Lokhu kugcizelela isidingo sokuyihlukanisa kwezinye izifo zezilonda zomlomo. Isiguli sathola ukwelashwa okunezimpawu kanye namaphilisi e-prednisolone, okuholela ekubeni ngcono ngemva kokumisa ukwelashwa kwe-TMP/SMX.
We report a case of oral erythema multiforme (EM) secondary to TMP/SMX that presented with oral and lip ulcerations typical of EM without any skin lesions and highlights the importance of distinguishing them from other ulcerative disorders involving oral cavity. The patient was treated symptomatically and given tablet prednisolone. The condition improved with stoppage of TMP/SMX therapy.
We report a case of oral erythema multiforme (EM) secondary to TMP/SMX that presented with oral and lip ulcerations typical of EM without any skin lesions and highlights the importance of distinguishing them from other ulcerative disorders involving oral cavity. The patient was treated symptomatically and given tablet prednisolone. The condition improved with stoppage of TMP/SMX therapy.
Erythema multiforme ukusabela okubandakanya isikhumba futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-mucosa, ebangelwa amasosha omzimba. Ngokuvamile, kubonakala njengezilonda ezifana nethagethi, ezingase zibonakale zodwa, ziphindelela, noma ziphikelela. Lezi zilonda ngokuvamile zithinta amaphethelo, ikakhulukazi izindawo zazo ezingaphandle. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa izifo ezifana ne-herpes simplex virus kanye ne-Mycoplasma pneumoniae, kanye nemithi ethile, ukugoma, nezifo ezizimele. Ukwehlukanisa erythema multiforme ku-urticaria kuncike esikhathini sezilonda; Izilonda ezingu- erythema multiforme zihlala zingashintshile okungenani izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, kuyilapho izilonda ze-urticaria zivame ukunyamalala phakathi nosuku. Nakuba kufana, kubalulekile ukwehlukanisa erythema multiforme ku-Stevens-Johnson syndrome enzima kakhulu, evame ukuveza ama-erythematous noma ama-purpuric macules asabalele anamabhamuza. Ukuphatha erythema multiforme kubandakanya ukukhululeka kwezimpawu ngama-topical steroids noma ama-antihistamine kanye nokubhekana nembangela ewumsuka. Ezimweni eziphindaphindiwe ezihlobene negciwane le-herpes simplex, ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic antiviral kunconywa. Ukubandakanyeka okukhulu kwe-mucosal kungase kudinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze uthole uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni kanye nokushintshwa kwe-electrolyte.
Erythema multiforme is a reaction involving the skin and sometimes the mucosa, triggered by the immune system. Typically, it manifests as target-like lesions, which may appear isolated, recur, or persist. These lesions usually symmetrically affect the extremities, particularly their outer surfaces. The main causes include infections like herpes simplex virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as well as certain medications, immunizations, and autoimmune diseases. Distinguishing erythema multiforme from urticaria relies on the duration of lesions; erythema multiforme lesions remain fixed for at least seven days, while urticarial lesions often vanish within a day. Although similar, it's crucial to differentiate erythema multiforme from the more severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which typically presents widespread erythematous or purpuric macules with blisters. Managing erythema multiforme involves symptomatic relief with topical steroids or antihistamines and addressing the underlying cause. For recurrent cases associated with herpes simplex virus, prophylactic antiviral therapy is recommended. Severe mucosal involvement may necessitate hospitalization for intravenous fluids and electrolyte replacement.
Erythema multiforme is a reaction involving the skin and sometimes the mucosa, triggered by the immune system. Typically, it manifests as target-like lesions, which may appear isolated, recur, or persist. These lesions usually symmetrically affect the extremities, particularly their outer surfaces. The main causes include infections like herpes simplex virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as well as certain medications, immunizations, and autoimmune diseases. Distinguishing erythema multiforme from urticaria relies on the duration of lesions; erythema multiforme lesions remain fixed for at least seven days, while urticarial lesions often vanish within a day. Although similar, it's crucial to differentiate erythema multiforme from the more severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which typically presents widespread erythematous or purpuric macules with blisters. Managing erythema multiforme involves symptomatic relief with topical steroids or antihistamines and addressing the underlying cause. For recurrent cases associated with herpes simplex virus, prophylactic antiviral therapy is recommended. Severe mucosal involvement may necessitate hospitalization for intravenous fluids and electrolyte replacement.
Isimo siyahlukahluka ukusuka ekuqubukeni okuncane, okuzikhawulele kuye konamandla, ifomu elisongela ukuphila elaziwa ngokuthi i-erythema multiforme enkulu ehlanganisa nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ukuhlasela kolwelwesi lwamafinyila noma ukuba khona kwama-bulla kuyizimpawu ezibalulekile zokuqina.
- Erythema multiforme minor: okuhlosiwe okujwayelekile noma okuphakanyisiwe, ama-papule ane-edema asatshalaliswa ngokuphakama
Ifomu elithambile ngokuvamile libonisa ukulunywa okuncane (kodwa ukulunywa kungaba nzima kakhulu), amabala abomvu-obomvana, ahleleke ngokulinganayo futhi aqala emaphethelweni. Ukulungiswa kwe-rash zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-10 kuyinto evamile kulolu hlobo lwesifo.
- Erythema multiforme major: okuqondiwe okujwayelekile noma okuphakanyisiwe, ama-papule ane-edema asatshalaliswa ngokuqhubekayo ngokubandakanyeka kolwelwesi lwamafinyila olulodwa noma ngaphezulu. I-epidermal detachment ifaka ngaphansi kwe-10% yendawo yonke yomzimba.
○ Ukwelashwa - Izidakamizwa ze-OTC
Uma kuhambisana nomkhuhlane (ukushisa komzimba okhuphukayo), kunconywa ukuba uvakashele esibhedlela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izidakamizwa okusolakala ukuthi kufanele ziyekwe. (isb. ama-antibiotics, ama-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
Ama-antihistamine omlomo afana ne-cetirizine ne-loratadine yokulunywa.
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Loratadine [Claritin]